There are many reasons so few cases end in court – and fewer still in prison terms – say prosecutors and police investigators.
First, the legal standards for criminal cases are higher than for civil cases. Often, the criminal statute of limitations has run out for adults who were abused as children.
Second, the accused are often influential and well-liked in their communities, while the victims are often the most vulnerable – children from broken homes, for instance.
Third, churches have been reluctant to report clergy to police. Richard Cage, who has investigated pedophile cases for the police in Montgomery County, Md., for 25 years, says cases involving clergy are the most difficult.
"Our biggest challenge is when it involves the church," he says. "Denial is our biggest problem. Parents are reluctant to have their child interviewed. [And of] children that have been abused, at first 99 percent will deny it."
Others have observed similar patterns of reluctance to testify, priests being moved out of state, and denial that clergy could be guilty.
Robert Larson, a former Wichita, Kan., Catholic priest pleaded guilty to child sexual abuse last year and is serving a 2-to-10 year sentence. It never made the national news. But prosecutors recall how hard the case was.
"I had [one] victim who wanted to do anything but testify," says Harvey County Attorney Matt Treaster. "He didn't want anyone to know he had been molested."
What made the conviction possible, Mr. Treaster says, was that the church, apparently trying to protect Mr. Larson, sent him out of the state for treatment. That stopped the clock on the statute of limitations. The case ended in a plea bargain, and Larson could be released a year from now on parole.