European liberalism:
American liberalism:
This is a U.S.-centric board, therefore, the latter sense is what the word means here.
Conservative liberalism (= European style liberalism)
It is literally liberalism that values the conservative side of liberalism. Conservative liberalism is generally classified as 'center to center-right', but some are hard-line right-wing. Right-wing conservative liberalism generally inherits the classical liberal philosophy, but centrist conservative liberals partially accept elements of social liberalism.(In this case, it is simply referred to as liberalism in Europe/Australia.) European/Australian liberalism is more like conservative liberalism than social liberalism in modern times.
The following are ideologies derived from Conservative liberalism.
Related Ideologies
Liberal conservatism: This is a centre-right ideology that combines classical liberalism and conservatism. It pursues a moderate form of liberalism based on a conservative philosophy. It is one of the representative conservative political ideologies. The philosophical origin of liberal conservatism is Edmund Burke. In a global context, 'liberal conservatism' is used in a similar sense to what is called moderate conservatism in the United States.
Fiscal conservatism: This is an ideology that opposes the government's excessive fiscal spending and aims for fiscal soundness. Many fiscal conservatives have socially moderate to liberal views. In other parts of the United States, fiscal conservatism has been called liberal economic policy.[5]
American Neoconservatism: Some scholars see American neoconservatism as an idea based on conservative liberalism. The values of private property rights, independent individuals, small governments, and the spread of liberal democracy around the world pursued by neoconservatives in the U.S. clearly have elements to be seen as liberalism in academic sense, albeit right-wing.[6]
Representative people and parties
Raymond Aron
Michael Oakeshott
Angela Merkel
Forza Italia
Silvio Berlusconi - He is classified as a "liberal" in the context of Italian politics. Of course it has nothing to do with what we call a "liberal" in the United States.[note 2]
David Cameron
Lech Wałęsa - Democratic leader who led the independent Solidarity labor Union in Communist Poland.
Liberal Party of Australia
Malcolm Turnbull - He is a member of the party's centrist factionWikipedia.
Danish "Venstre"
FDP.The Liberals - Switzerland's center-right liberal party.
Zac Goldsmith
Andrew Sullivan
Milton Friedman[7]
American liberalism:
Social liberalism (= U.S. style liberalism)
This is an ideology that focuses more on social justice than on general liberalism. It is an ideology that is simply referred to as liberalism in the United States. The idea of radicalism, a kind of left-wing classical liberalism, can be seen as a moderated form. Social liberals see the market as a power and support a balance of power between the government and the market.
Social liberalism in Europe and Asia means 'center to center-left', but 'center-left to left-wing' social democrats such as Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are also called "liberal" or "social liberal" in the United States. This is only an American exceptional term, and they are not described as "liberal" outside the United States because they are negative about free trade.
In the United States, left-wing democratic socialist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is called "Ultra-liberal"(=radical left).[8] In most countries other than the United States, Emmanuel Macron is called "Ultra-liberal"(=radical centrist). In the United States, 'liberal' means 'leftist', but in most countries other than the United States, 'liberal' means 'centrist', so Americans need to understand world politics considering that the concept of 'liberal' is an American exceptional concept and does not exist in other countries.
Representative people and parties
John Stuart Mill
John Maynard Keynes
David Lloyd George
U.S. Democratic party
Franklin D. Roosevelt[note 3]
John F. Kennedy
John Rawls
Karl Popper
Justin Trudeau
Mohammad Mossadegh
Robert Biedroń
This is a U.S.-centric board, therefore, the latter sense is what the word means here.