Of course I changed my name. It's part of marriage and I'm not an idiot who thinks a name really means a whole lot.
It's not part of all marriages in every culture. And if a name is just a name that doesn't mean a whole lot, why not keep your maiden name? Kinda goes both ways, I guess.
One of my names is a grandmothers' maiden name. That helped when I started family history research, even if it is inconvenient to have four names. Other male members of the family have perpetuated the grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great-grandfather's (and so on) Christian name, but as the younger son of a younger son I didn't need to.
I have three daughters. One is unmarried so still has my surname. One used her maiden name as her professional name until she changed employers and needed a new start.
The youngest, an MD, has kept her maiden name for professional purposes and added my surname as a additional Christian name to her full married name. She is married to a medical Ph.D so it is convenient that he is Doctor X and she is Doctor Y.
Socially they are Doctor (his Christian name) and Doctor (her Christian name). At work they use their separate surnames as listed in professional registers but she is often called "Doctor Cake". She gets given too much cake and sometimes she has to take drastic measures to exercise away the consequences.
Wait, you have four surnames?!
You brought up keeping names for professional reasons, I think that's a pretty valid reason. I also think it's becoming more commonplace. My sister uses her maiden name for professional reasons, but her son has a hyphenated last name (my sister's surname and her lesbian partner's surname). But that brings up a whole 'nother can o' worms, namely, gay and lesbian marriages. Who takes whose name?
After going through hoops to get all of my information updated everywhere when I moved, I can't imagine how much more a pain in the ass it would be to go through a name change. Social Security, passport, credit cards, banking, etc.