Words invented by Charles Dickens

Duleigh

Just an old dog
Joined
Dec 12, 2004
Posts
6,184
Charles Dickens, one of my literary heroes, had a penchant for making words when existing words didn't fit the situation. I found a list of words that Charles Dickens invented and I was surprised to see he crafted these additions to the English language. Quite often when he needed an adjective and the right one didn't exist he broke out the -y suffix to make new adjectives (mildewy, bulgy, swishy, soupy, waxy, trembly) and the iness suffix for a really useful adjective (messiness, cheesiness, fluffiness, seediness). Some times he went overboard but the Oxford English Dictionary still contains metropolitaneously ("in metropolitan fashion") but the OED marked it as a nonce word meaning that Dickens was the only one to use it. I guess that's a benefit of being a world renown author, you get a personal, private word published in the dictionary.

Dickens's very first novel, The Pickwick Papers from 1837, introduced such slang terms as butter-fingers (a clumsy person"), flummox ("bewilder"), sawbones ("surgeon"), and whizz-bang (sound of a gunshot).

I figured out one that stumped the language editor at the Wall Street Journal Ben Zimmer:
The table-covers are never taken off, except when the leaves are turpentined and bees' waxed. — Sketches by Boz (1836)
I don't think many people on earth have actually seen turpentine, it's not what you see now, a thin clear nasty smelling liquid, that's Spirits of Turpentine. Turpentine is very thick and tarry, it was used to seal the hulls of wooden ships. It appears they were sealing the leaves, the separate sections that make up a table top, then buffing them with bees wax

Other words Dickens created:

Sassigassity - Dickens only used this once, 1850 in “A Christmas Tree,” in the line “…the sassigassity of that dog is indeed surprising…” According to Dickens, “sassigassity” means “audacity with attitude.”

Comfoozled - Dickens invented this word to mean “exhausted” or “overcome,” The Pickwick Papers: “He’s in a horrid state o’ love; reg’larly comfoozled, and done over with it.” This is not to be confused with the relatively new word “confuzzled,” which is a portmanteau of “confused” and “puzzled.”

Jog-trotty - Traditionally, a jog-trot is a slow trot (commonly seen in horses), but Dickens transformed it into an adjective to describe something that is boring or dull.

My absolute favorite addition to the English language is rarely used verb
"I will not," said Fanny, without answering the question, "submit to be mother-in-lawed by Mrs. General." — Little Dorrit (1857)
I'm sure the writers here could have a grand time with their own versions of being mother-in-lawed
 
"'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves did gyre and gimble in the wabe. All mimsy were the borogoves, and the mome raths outgrabe."

I need to work that into a story, somehow.
 
Well that's a mouthful. I'm not even sure how to pronounce that. It certainly doesn't roll off the tongue.
I will watch you sashay
Imaginary runway
Then we say
metropolitaneously

If you use a word once
Then that makes that word a nonce
Be a ponce
metropolitaneously
 
Huh. Surprised to learn "soupy" was one of his, it just feels like something that should've been in the language much longer. But M-W's first cite is 1869.
 
In 'Oliver Twist', the poorhouse beadle (manager) is a certain Mr. Bumble. He reminds me of a certain modern day politician in the U.S. In Chapter 1, Bumble is described as "A fat man, and a choleric ... Mr. Bumble had a great idea of his oratorical powers and his importance. He had displayed the one and vindicated the other....."

Someone drew a caricature of Mr. Bumble, which appears to foreshadow the above-mentioned politician:
Mr Bumble.jpg
Bumble, Rumble, T.....
 
Last edited:
Dickens liked to play with words as well as coin them. From Nicholas Nickelby we have the infamous Mr. Squeers (Mrs. Queers?), headmaster of Dotheboys Hall (Do the boys?).

And Emily, I must read your story to find out who has a penchant for soft-bodied cephalopods and if oneiriction refers to dream stories or some other -iction.
 
The whole trilogy is quite long (60,000 words), but the first episode is the shortest.

https://www.literotica.com/series/se/coleoidphilia

Em
I read the first and the synopsis; a lovely romance all around, with an appropriate political twist. Emily Wilson does have interesting dreams, and a significant waking life on planet Headfeet. You definitely should offer the movie rights to one of the big studios.

Thanks again for the link.

P.S. Here's one of my word-phrases: simultumultuous organum.
 
I read the first and the synopsis; a lovely romance all around, with an appropriate political twist. Emily Wilson does have interesting dreams, and a significant waking life on planet Headfeet. You definitely should offer the movie rights to one of the big studios.

Thanks again for the link.

P.S. Here's one of my word-phrases: simultumultuous organum.
Thank you 🙏

Em
 
Dickens's very first novel, The Pickwick Papers from 1837, introduced such slang terms as butter-fingers (a clumsy person"), flummox ("bewilder"), sawbones ("surgeon"), and whizz-bang (sound of a gunshot).
You can't really determine that Dickens invented those words simply because he was the first to put them into print. Slang is famous for lurking around for years before somebody publishes them. There's a certain snobbery about it, because these low terms weren't deemed fit for publication in a respectable journal and therefore took along time to appear in print.
 
Isaac Asimov gave us the word "robotics" although he was surprised to learn that it wasn't already a word when he used it for the first time.

Heinlein gave us "waldo" (a mechanical hand used to manipulate objects remotely) and "grok." You don't hear much about either of those these days, but they had their time in the sun.

And Shakespeare gave us hundreds of words, although many of them might have already been in the language but never before written down (see the comment above).
 
You can't really determine that Dickens invented those words simply because he was the first to put them into print. Slang is famous for lurking around for years before somebody publishes them. There's a certain snobbery about it, because these low terms weren't deemed fit for publication in a respectable journal and therefore took along time to appear in print.
This could be true, however Dickens wasn't the only author of the era whose works survived until this time, and I'd be very surprised that he was the only author who recorded the speech patterns of the common London citizen or street urchin. If he is the only one who faithfully recorded these commonly used words then I am glad to give him credit for capturing them for posterity. I personally think that if he didn't make them up then they were rarely used words that he heard and put them in his stories because he found them so odd and so interesting.

Another option is that some invented words were placeholders for a vulgarity that wouldn't have made it past the editors of his time.
 
This could be true, however Dickens wasn't the only author of the era whose works survived until this time, and I'd be very surprised that he was the only author who recorded the speech patterns of the common London citizen or street urchin.
I'll grant you that other writers were around, but I'll bet they weren't as popular as Dickens was, and weren't as likely to get into the Oxford English Dictionary's citations. It would be interesting to track down the many broadsides and penny-dreadfuls of the period to see if any of those words predated Dickens' use of them.
 
Words not invented by CD but maybe he would have: illegal immigrants; trickle down economics; driving growth; levelling up; universal credit
 
Back
Top