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Beretta M1934 — Icon of Italian Firepower


The Beretta M1934 is a compact semi-automatic pistol developed in Italy and issued to the Royal Italian Army starting in 1934. Chambered for the 9×17mm Corto (.380 ACP) cartridge, it became the standard-issue sidearm for Italian officers, NCOs, and machine gun crews throughout World War II and well into the Cold War era.




Historical Background


Beretta, one of the oldest firearm manufacturers in the world, began pistol production in 1915. The M1934 was developed in response to the Italian Army’s admiration for the German Walther PP, aiming to secure domestic military contracts. Accepted into service in 1937, it quickly became Beretta’s most-produced wartime pistol, with over 1 million units manufactured between 1934 and 1991.




Combat History


The Beretta M1934 saw service in several major conflicts:
  • Second Italo-Abyssinian War
  • Spanish Civil War
  • World War II
  • Tuareg Rebellion (1990–1995)
In addition to Italy, the pistol was also adopted by Romanian military forces during World War II. These Romanian models were marked “9 mm Scurt” and featured different sight configurations based on Russian standards.




Markings & Collectibility


Pistols made during the Fascist era include dual date markings: a standard Julian date (Arabic numerals) and a Fascist Era date (Roman numerals), such as XV or XVI for 1937. Military acceptance marks may appear on the frame:
  • RE – Regio Esercito (Army)
  • RM – Regia Marina (Navy)
  • RA – Regia Aeronautica (Air Force)
  • PS – Pubblica Sicurezza (Police)
These unique markings enhance the collectibility and historical value of the pistol.




Infamous Use


A Beretta M1934, serial number 606824, was the weapon used in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. Originally issued during Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia, the pistol passed through British hands before ending up in India.




Design and Features


  • Action: Blowback
  • Weight: 763 g (loaded), 697 g (empty)
  • Length: 15.2 cm (6.0 in)
  • Barrel Length: 8.9 cm (3.5 in)
  • Magazine Capacity: 7 rounds
  • Muzzle Velocity: 290 m/s (950 ft/s)
  • Effective Range: 40 m (130 ft)
  • Sights: Fixed front blade and rear notch
The M1934 is known for its distinctive open-slide design, providing excellent feeding and extraction. It is simple to field strip and maintain, with a long service life when properly cared for.




Limitations


While rugged and reliable, the M1934 has several limitations:
  • Low magazine capacity (7 rounds)
  • Weak cartridge compared to 9mm Parabellum or .45 ACP
  • Removing the empty magazine allows the slide to close unless manually held open—slowing reloading




Legacy


The Beretta M1934 remains a symbol of Italian military engineering, combining reliability, simplicity, and historical significance. It is a prized piece among collectors of 20th-century firearms.
 
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