More than 100 women have endured being walked on by a priest wearing shoes with nails in their soles during a festival in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
The women lay face down in front of the procession as the priest, in an apparent trance, walked over their backs.
Several months ago, in another ritual in a village near the southern town of Madurai, children were buried alive before being retrieved a few seconds later.
In another village in Coimbatore district, authorities have banned the practice of devotees entering burial grounds to symbolically consume human bones in a ritual also connected with the worship of Shiva.
One of the villagers blamed the ban on unnecessary publicity and the photographs of devotees with bones in their mouth that appeared in the media.