Calling All Armchair Ethicists- What Would You Do?

trysail

Catch Me Who Can
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The one ground rule is simple: put yourself in the shoes of these SEALS (for those of you who are not too swift, this is NOT a thread or a place to discuss the coalition presence in Afghanistan. Neither I, nor anyone else, is the least bit interested in starting or reading a debate that's been rehashed nine zillion times). Here's the story:
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Killed By The Rules
August 17, 2007 by Diana West -

Now that Marcus Luttrell's book "Lone Survivor: The Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of Seal Team 10" is a national bestseller, maybe Americans are ready to start discussing the core issue his story brings to light: the inverted morality, even insanity, of the American military's rules of engagement (ROE).

On a stark mountaintop in Afghanistan in 2005, Leading Petty Officer Luttrell and three Navy SEAL teammates found themselves having just such a discussion.

Dropped behind enemy lines to kill or capture a Taliban kingpin who commanded between 150-200 fighters, the SEAL team was unexpectedly discovered in the early stages of a mission whose success, of course, depended on secrecy. Three unarmed Afghan goatherds, one a teenager, had stumbled across the Americans' position.

This presented the soldiers with an urgent dilemma: What should they do? If they let the Afghans go, they would probably alert the Taliban to the their whereabouts. This would mean a battle in which the Americans were outnumbered by at least 35 to 1. "Little Big Horn in turbans," as Marcus Luttrell would describe it. If the Americans didn't let the goatherds go - if they killed them, there being no way to hold them - the Americans would avoid detection and, most likely, leave the area safely. On a treeless mountainscape far from home, four of our bravest patriots came to the ghastly conclusion that the only way to save themselves was forbidden by the rules of engagement. Such an action would set off a media firestorm, and lead to murder charges for all.

It is agonizing to read their tense debate as Mr. Luttrell recounts it, the "lone survivor" of the disastrous mission. Each of the SEALs was aware of "the strictly correct military decision" - namely, that it would be suicide to let the goatherds live. But they were also aware that their own country, for which they were fighting, would ultimately turn on them if they made that decision. It was as if committing suicide had become the only politically correct option. For fighting men ordered behind enemy lines, such rules are not only insane. They're immoral.

The SEALs sent the goatherds on their way. One hour later, a sizeable Taliban force attacked, beginning a horrendous battle that resulted not only in the deaths of Mr. Luttrell's three SEAL teammates, but also the deaths of 16 would-be rescuers - eight additional SEALS and eight Army special operations soldiers whose helicopter was shot down by a Taliban rocket-propelled grenade.

"Look at me right now in my story," Mr. Luttrell writes. "Helpless, tortured, shot, blown up, my best buddies all dead, and all because we were afraid of the liberals back home, afraid to do what was necessary to save our own lives.

Afraid of American civilian lawyers.
I have only one piece of advice for what it's worth: If you don't want to get into a war where things go wrong, where the wrong people sometimes get killed, where innocent people sometimes have to die, then stay the hell out of it in the first place."

I couldn't agree more, except for the fact that conservatives, up to and including the president, are at least as responsible for our outrageous rules of engagement as liberals. The question Americans need to ask themselves now, with "Lone Survivor" as Exhibit A, is whether adhering to these precious rules is worth the exorbitant price - in this case, 19 valiant soldiers.

Another question to raise is why our military, knowing the precise location of a Taliban kingpin, sends in Navy SEALs, not Air Force bombers, in the first place? The answer is "collateral damage." I know this - and so do our enemies, who, as Mr. Luttrell writes, laugh at our ROEs as they sleep safe at night. I find it hard to believe that this is something most Americans applaud. But it's impossible to know, because this debate hasn't begun.

It should. It strikes at the core not only of our capacity to make war, but also our will to survive. A nation that doesn't automatically value its sons who fight to protect it more than the "unarmed civilians" - spies? fighters? - whom they encounter behind enemy lines is not only unlikely to win a war, it isn't showing much interest in its own survival.

This is what comes through, loud and ugly, from that mountaintop in Afghanistan, where four young Americans ultimately agreed it was better to be killed than to kill.


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Diana West is the author of the "The Death of the Grown-Up: How America's Arrested Development Is Bringing Down Western Civilization."
 
it's an interesting puzzle, but i'm sorry to see it made into a stick to hit 'liberals,' who neither sent the troups, commanded them, nor wrote the rules of engagement.

there are a number of situations in which 'innocents' are killed in war. the men would not be out of line, to kill, in such a case in WWII.

four young Americans ultimately agreed it was better to be killed than to kill.

this argument goes back to Socrates, actually, it's not peculiar to the young men. i can think of lots of circumstances when 'being killed' might be preferable, since it might not involve any blame. Suppose you and your kid are captured, you are told "shoot the kid, and we'll let you live. if you DON't shoot the kid, we kill you both."

i can see a reasonable case for the second alternative, since neither preserves the kid's life.
 
If the military doesn't have a contingency plan for this type of situation, they shouldn't launch the mission. Personally, I would have given the goatherders qualudes (time-release qualudes to match the duration of the mission) and tethered them to a tree with plastic handcuffs.
 
My first tour in Viet Nam wasn't much better. As a crew chief and gunner on a Marine helicopter, I couldn't fire unless fired upon, and then I had to radio headquarters, they had to confirm it from another source and then call me back to say it was ok. They even had idiots on the flight line counting bullets going out and coming in. It literally took all of the flight crews stepping down to get that changed. Gunners and Crew chiefs were volunteer positions back then.

ROE's change but they are never right any time.
 
DeeZire said:
If the military doesn't have a contingency plan for this type of situation, they shouldn't launch the mission. Personally, I would have given the goatherders qualudes (time-release qualudes to match the duration of the mission) and tethered them to a tree with plastic handcuffs.

i was thinking the same thing - why not just tie them up - they would be found eventually or come back at the end of the mission and let them go
 
in the original article, one has the impression that the Rules of Engagement were written by the Democratic National Committee.

the article is a recycling of that old refrain heard after every defeat or failed mission. "the military could have done it, but the politicians tied their hands." (i'm not saying this point is *never* valid).
 
When a young man signs up to be a SEAL, he takes on the risks involved. Parachuting behind enemy lines is always a life or death situation.

Killing non-combatants is unethical. The only chance the US has to win the "war on terror" is maintaining the moral upper ground. As soon as we start slaughtering civilians, we move from the role of liberators to bloodthirsty conquerors.

Clearly these soldiers acted bravely in doing the right thing, rather than acting to save their own necks, and their memories deserve to be commended.
 
good point james. the soldiers didn't just (foolishly) attempt to get moral brownie points, or foolishly acquiesce to stupid rules dreamed up by wussy liberals.

they took account of the official mission in Afghanistan and its rationale. how would a picture of slain shepherds look, with this caption: "Innocent unarmed shepherds killed by US Navy Seals."
 
If they had been discovered by armed soldiers instead of goatherders, they would have died immediately. That's the risk of that sort of mission. It's an extremely dangerous one to start with.

I understand the Luttrell's anger at the rules of engagement that made that situation impossible for him, but I suggest that the chief problem was their discovery, by anyone. It was the situation, not what the rules of engagement allowed him to do about it. It's true that when you prevent soldiers from deliberately killing innocent civilians because those civilians happen be in the wrong place at the wrong time, you will increase the risk to the soldiers in any mission. However, we've come to define that as part of war too: facing the risk that you won't be able to survive without killing innocent people, and knowing that you are nonetheless not permitted to kill those innocent people.

Mustard gassing the entire area might have reduced risk to our soldiers. Atom bombing it certainly would have. Poisoning the entire village would have made the mission easier. We reject these things, not because they make it more likely that our soldiers will survive, but because we recognize that our soldiers are not the only people with the right to live. The author of the article argues that it is "immoral" to suggest that the goatherders had an equal right to survive. I disagree.
 
The problem isn't the ethics of killing non-combatants. They did the right thing letting them live.

The problem is the "We're here and we aren't leaving until we get the job done or we die" attitude. If the mission relied that heavily on secrecy, the moment secrecy was compromised they should have radioed for a chopper and gotten the hell out of there (or found a cheaper means and hiked if possible, but it probably wasn't, and chopper rides are probably more fun than hiking).
 
disregarding US policy - isnt it illegal under the Geneva Convention to execute unarmed civilians?
 
Diana West is the author of the "The Death of the Grown-Up: How America's Arrested Development Is Bringing Down Western Civilization."

I had to laugh at this. I sincerely doubt this is a disinterested analysis of the problems America and Western Civilization face.

Also, this isn't the Second World War, a war where every single individual on the other side is an enemy. This is a very precise war against a small cadre of fanatics. If we kill everything and everything that even looks like an enemy we'll lose. Had those three goatherds been killed it would have created thirty guerillas. And kill those thirty would have created three hundred.

Which is exactly what Al Qaeda wanted when they crashed those planes into the towers. They wanted an invasion, one they felt they would win the same way they beat the Soviet Union.

We've been stupid enough to oblige them.

I'm now recalling the words of Major General Sir John Hugo Hackett, former Commander of NATO. "The essence of a soldier is not to kill, but to die. You offer yourself."

I really don't know what I would have done if I had been in those soldiers place. Probably, I think, the same as them. Killing goatherds would have been the wrong thing to do. As I said, this isn't the Second World War. Personally I'd rather die myself than do the wrong thing.
 
Joe Wordsworth said:
Kill the civilians, complete the mission.

I'm with Joe. And I consider myself fairly liberal. Moderate, but with liberal leanings. Clandestine operations require dirty work. Don't sign up for dirty work you don't want to do, whatever the reason. I don't buy the liberal bashing excuse as to why they didn't do it. It was morally the right thing to do, but it jeopardized the greater mission, as well as their own lives. Besides, it's not like anyone would have noticed or cared. We've been killing civilians wholesale for years now and no one bats an eye. Unless the story somehow goes public (Abu Ghraib, etc.) nothing is ever done about it. Even then, usually it falls through the cracks and disappears.
 
It's illegal for the guys to kill three specific civilians, but it's okay for an American bomb or mortar to kill lots and lots of civilians that happened to be where the bomb fell. Because the bomb wasn't specifically aimed at those people, I suppose.
 
I agree with both Joe and Boota. For me, it isn't about ethics, morality, or politics. It's about survival, plain and simple.
 
It feels odd to quote a television show, but I think that they put it remarkably well in Battlestar Galactica. One has to ask if one will be something worth saving if one takes that action.

I thought that the episode in which they meet the Pegasus touched very nicely on that question. On the one hand, the ship did indeed survive. On the other hand, it destroyed everything it was meant to protect and became in some ways more dreadful than the enemy they were fighting.
 
Its warfare. It is, for me, its own class of action. It isn't murder. It isn't civil. It is above legality in execution.

I should further add, I don't agree with the idea of "war crimes" and have never thought that cultures have a God-given right to existence. The wiping out of a civilization as natural as the extinction of a species. If a nation-state wants to eradicate another nation-state, may the strongest, cleverest, and most-connected survive.
 
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BlackShanglan said:
It feels odd to quote a television show, but I think that they put it remarkably well in Battlestar Galactica. One has to ask if one will be something worth saving if one takes that action.

I thought that the episode in which they meet the Pegasus touched very nicely on that question. On the one hand, the ship did indeed survive. On the other hand, it destroyed everything it was meant to protect and became in some ways more dreadful than the enemy they were fighting.

If you recall in the beginning of Battlestar Galactica, the President ordered Commander Adama and all the ships that had FTL drives to abandon the rest of the human survivors that didn't have FTL drives because she knew they had to survive. It was a horrific decision she had to make, but if they stayed to try and protect all the ships then the entire human race would have been wiped out.

Also, the Admiral of the Pegasus made the choice to press gang skilled civilians into her crew, execute the families of those who resisted, and strip the civilian ships of all the parts necessary for space travel and survival. Those ships could have traveled with her just as the other fleet traveled with the President and Commander Adama. She didn't make a decision of "survive to fight another day or die valiantly but in vain." Rather, she made the choice that was easier for her and her crew.

I'm not trying to advocate a policy of abandoning morality and ethics at every turn in warfare. I do agree that taking that approach eventually turns us from soldiers and into monsters. However, I DO advocate surviving in a situation when the ONLY alternative is death.
 
Lee Chambers said:
If you recall in the beginning of Battlestar Galactica, the President ordered Commander Adama and all the ships that had FTL drives to abandon the rest of the human survivors that didn't have FTL drives because she knew they had to survive. It was a horrific decision she had to make, but if they stayed to try and protect all the ships then the entire human race would have been wiped out.

Also, the Admiral of the Pegasus made the choice to press gang skilled civilians into her crew, execute the families of those who resisted, and strip the civilian ships of all the parts necessary for space travel and survival. Those ships could have traveled with her just as the other fleet traveled with the President and Commander Adama. She didn't make a decision of "survive to fight another day or die valiantly but in vain." Rather, she made the choice that was easier for her and her crew.

The first instance is not one of killing those who stand in one's way, but of fleeing when no action one took could possibly have saved them. In the second example, you conjecture that the Pegasus could have survived without destroying or abandoning its civilian fleet, but you don't know that it could have - and neither did the admiral. She chose not to take the risk; basically, she shot the goatherders. The admiral claimed that her actions were justified specifically because she needed the Pegasus to survive, and that that survival justified all actions she took to ensure it. Personally, I disagree.

I'm not trying to advocate a policy of abandoning morality and ethics at every turn in warfare. I do agree that taking that approach eventually turns us from soldiers and into monsters. However, I DO advocate surviving in a situation when the ONLY alternative is death.

How does one know what the only possible alternative is death? There are, of course, some clear-cut instances, but the one cited in this article isn't such a case. The soliders thought that the goatherders might notify the Taliban, but they couldn't be sure; the herders might just as easily have gone home to get their families to cover, or refrained from informing the Taliban because they didn't agree with them or out of human gratitude for their lives being spared. In fact, I don't see anything in the article that indicates a clear certainty that the goatherders did report the soldiers' presence. They released the goatherds, and the Taliban attacked them an hour later. The two events might be connected, or they might not.

Ultimately, I suppose, the question is this: have we got any absolute values? Is there anything we think is always wrong, or is that answer only ever "unless it's to my strong benefit to do elsewise." I think that some things must be wrong under any circumstance, but I recognize that others feel differently.
 
I believe in right and wrong. I don't /ever/ claim exceptions exist for them.

Lying, for instance, is wrong. Always wrong. I've done it, and will probably do it in the future--but no rationalization makes it right.
 
Joe Wordsworth said:
I believe in right and wrong. I don't /ever/ claim exceptions exist for them.

Lying, for instance, is wrong. Always wrong. I've done it, and will probably do it in the future--but no rationalization makes it right.

Poland, 1941? "No, sir. No Jews in this house." (?)

ETA: Actually, I'll pull that myself. That's not lying for one's own benefit; it's choosing between two wrongs that will happen to other people, and knowing that it's right to choose the lesser wrong if one has to make such a choice.
 
Too much focus on legalisms, ROEs and artificialities in the article. Heck, the main reason they didn't kill those people is because they were raised in a culture that has a very highly developed respect for human rights, beginning with the most fundamental one, the right to life. Add that to the basic human reluctance to kill no matter what the culture, and no other explanation is needed for their choice - no angry libs, ACLU, war crimes trial, etc.

It's easy to say they should have packed it in when discovered and come back to fight another day - if that was possible I think they should have - but since the purpose here is to present a tough ethical dilemma, let's say that was not an option. Let's take away all the wiggle room and uncertainty and make it, "If we let those people go, we ourselves will certainly be killed." Let's keep the herders completely innocent and stipulate that the Taliban will certainly grab them and use truth serum on them. Now, what would I do, knowing it's them or me? I don't know - how's that for an honest answer? I think it would be wrong to kill them; I value my life more than I do theirs (honest again); but I also define myself as a moral person, and that self-identity would be gone. How much would I care about that at that moment? Maybe not enough . . .
 
rgraham666 said:
I had to laugh at this. I sincerely doubt this is a disinterested analysis of the problems America and Western Civilization face.

Also, this isn't the Second World War, a war where every single individual on the other side is an enemy. This is a very precise war against a small cadre of fanatics. If we kill everything and everything that even looks like an enemy we'll lose. Had those three goatherds been killed it would have created thirty guerillas. And kill those thirty would have created three hundred.

Very true. "Liberals" had nothing to do with it. Rampant killing of civilians is a Bad Idea. It is not what we're supposed to be doing, at least not officially. I'm reminded of the My Lai Massacre and a hundred others that didn't get that much airplay but were the same damn thing where we went in and killed a bunch of civilians Just Because. And in the process, we created a whole lot more enemies.
 
BlackShanglan said:
Poland, 1941? "No, sir. No Jews in this house." (?)

ETA: Actually, I'll pull that myself. That's not lying for one's own benefit; it's choosing between two wrongs that will happen to other people, and knowing that it's right to choose the lesser wrong if one has to make such a choice.


I so have a crush on you Horsey :heart:

Carry on, I'm just hear to admire the intellects ;)
 
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